Sim Venture Business Planning and Developement Essay Example

Sim Venture Business Planning and Developement Essay Example Sim Venture Business Planning and Developement Essay Sim Venture Business Planning and Developement Essay In speculative terms, the firm will undoubtedly go into misfortunes in the initial barely any long periods of foundation. The target we had organized was to build up the organization rapidly with insignificant misfortunes, which at that point could be effortlessly recuperated over a brief timeframe period. We initially did the fundamental statistical surveying. This would give us a market review, permitting us to decisively design both present moment and long haul systems, guaranteeing that we don’t have any disarray and see precisely what our objective is. Alongside the examination, we chose to manufacture an excellent site. This was our initial step into promoting, sorting out and raised a channel of correspondence among partners and us. Our subsequent stage was rivalry research. This should us what we were facing and how to set up our own USP, appropriately, we set our item determinations and cost just as an early on limited time markdown to draw in clients on the off chance that they enquired. We at that point did dealings with merchants to set up channels of dissemination. The explanation behind this is an organization needs income, yet more significantly, benefit to endure, which must be built up with deals. By the third month, we had effectively settled a channel of circulation, which was in our financial plan and delivered great benefits. We erroneously overlooked the 30-day credit. We had expended a lion's share of our capital, leaving us in cash being owed to the bank. We in this way chose to apply for an overdraft to permit us an edge for blunder. As a consolation just as need, we expected to raise capital, so we obtained surplus from loved ones. Clients proceeded not to pay cash owed to us, driving in Microvault going in to obligations of thousands of pounds. This was not satisfactory so we set up credit control to recover cash owed to us. We needed to take extreme measures to guarantee the company’s endurance. We were left with no decision yet to take out a ? 10,000 advance from the bank to support our misfortunes and keep up a working capital for creation as we had contracted new merchants also. This implied creation line amount expanded just as surplus to keep up creation and overheads. Inevitably, the account holders settled up and business was steady. Enquires were gradually expanding just as individual requests. We at that point chose to hold development for some time and spotlight on sparing benefits. This was to guarantee that once research had been done and we decided to grow, we would have the funding to support it. In the interim, we distributed an exchange magazine advert. This was the primary genuine advancement we had done. It helped the company’s notoriety and status a lot. Enquires expanded and deals were at a record-breaking high. In the end, we finished the proper arrangement of MicroVault Ltd. This diminished the danger of liquidisation and excess just as improved the organization status and notoriety. We at that point made a business contract and made the individual full-time. In conclusion, we migrated to a business park, as the interest was higher than the capacity limit. This spared us long periods of work put in, bringing about more opportunity to concentrate on different things, for example, enrollment. Action 2 MICROVAULT LTD COMPANY. Report to: Bank Manager Date: fourth February 2009-03-04 Report for: Bank Loan Title: Obtaining a credit for MICROVAUL LTD COMPANY to help fund extension. Official Summary This is a finish of-year exchanging report of MICROVAULT LTD COMPANY. I am composing this report to show the accomplishment of the organization up until now, and clarify its exhibition. The primary concern of this report is to acquire a credit from the bank to help fund extension. Presentation We are a little constrained organization called MICROVAULT. MICROVAULT was built up in 2009. We spend significant time in creating Computers. Our organization is in a business opportunity for 14 months and we are anticipating make it significantly more fruitful with some monetary help structure the bank. So far our organization have a high notoriety with its partners and neighborhood network, we are anticipating be better and more grounded against our rivals. By taking a gander at our report you will see that MICROVAULT is very credit-commendable and have low obligations. Primary body In a previous year our business came through exceptionally tough time. Toward the starting our organization was arriving at certain misfortunes in the initial scarcely any long periods of foundation. At that point we realized that on the off chance that we don’t think of some smart thoughts our business will fail. In March 2009 our benefit and misfortune account accomplished less 445 pounds. Our objective was to set up MICROVAULT as fast as conceivable with negligible misfortunes. We did a ton of statistical surveying, we construct an exceptional site to speak with partners and different organizations. We additionally concocted some markdown for a brief period. Bit by bit our organization benefit was going up and as we sign agreement with merchants, we got orders for sensible cost. At the point when the organization was in a decent ‘shape’ we overlooked 30-day credit. We have burned through the vast majority of our capital accordingly we possessed bank a considerable amount of cash. Leaving us no decision we choose to apply for an overdraft, and furthermore obtain cash from loved ones. Following a month our organization returned on race and begins to make enormous benefit. Our Enquires expanded and deals were at unsurpassed high. Toward the finish of a year our benefit and misfortune account look encouraging as it arrived at 10615 pounds, and deals turnover arrived at 35404 pounds. Toward the year's end where our organization made a few benefits we did our absolute first advancement by distributing an exchange magazine advert. It helped MICROVAULT notoriety. One of the most significant things we have done is we made a work contact, and improves the organization rank and notoriety. By making it happened we marked more agreements with enormous merchants and requests from clients has gone up. MICROVAULT is just a most of the way to be a fruitful constrained organization. We as of now make benefits and develop our notoriety. Our present net revenue is 33% and we will attempt to expand it by 10-15%, which cause it to go up to around 40-45%. Consistently we are getting new requests and enquire thusly we have to concentrate on enrolling new representatives. Our organization will purchase items in huge amounts, which will gave us a mass rebate, and we will have the option to set aside cash. Enlisting new laborers may be a very costly venture as it requires some investment, and cash to select and prepare new specialists. We will require a clerk to stay up with the latest with our misfortunes and benefits and furthermore on the off chance that we owe somebody cash. Our organization will invest more energy on rivalry research, item details and cost. Later on we will attempt to offer more limits, and sensible costs. We may consider better ad, for example, calling clients or via mailing them. All in all, I trust MICOVAULT is at the correct situation to turn into an effective business. Our Company need additional time and cash to research and enlist new specialists, which prompts additional expenses. We previously finished the ormal set up for MICROVAULT and we are prepared for new chances. The organization has numerous possibilities for the future, for example, extension of the business in numerous territories. Suggestions The motivation behind why I am requesting a credit is that MICROVALT Company probably won't have the option to manage the cost of enlistment process which is costly and tedious. As I r eferenced above we need new specialists so as to progress. Without selecting new workers MICROVAULT wont have the option to fulfill clients need, orders wont be on time in this manner individuals will quit utilizing our administrations which may prompts shutting down the Company. We will assigned credit cash in publicizing, for example, magazines, sites, news papers, week after week sends so as to build the client data about our organization. We trust this report will give you a more clear perspective on MICROVAUL. Movement 3 In this report I will examine the exchange offs my group go over in building up our private venture called MICROVAULT. An exchange off is the point at which we free one quality or highlight of something as a byproduct of increasing another quality or angle. The SimVenture task took my group a smidgen of time as we re-maintain the business barely any occasions. It was three of us me (Ngan Nguyen), Raxit and Nitesh. Each of the three of us had some great, and poorly conceived notions, which not generally make our Company making benefits, and requests from clients. At an earliest reference point when we start our business we product making misfortunes, and we choose to recuperate them over a momentary period. We needed to do a statistical surveying, which gave us clear market audit. By doing that we had the opportunity to design present moment and long haul systems and set up our objectives. As a gathering we choose to invest a greater number of amounts of energy on benefit instead of development. Our objective was to make however much benefit as could be expected inside 12 moths. We had effectively settled a channel of dispersion, this gave us a decent benefit. Our organization pay begins to go up after May 2009 we had gone as much as 3160 pounds. Our business paid private specialist to discover information’s about our rivals in the market so as to create better items. As I would like to think so as to prevail in a genuine private venture you need to commit you time, your cash, and yourself. You need set up an objectives of the organization, what you need to accomplish, and be focused on the business, realize how to enlist laborers for right employments and positions. Focus on each progress your business is making from account, orders, promoting to investigates, grumblings, and enquires. To maintain the business effectively you should realize how to buy the items and administrations, and furthermore how to haggle with your providers. You ought to have the option to deal with your funds. As it were experience is the way to progress, we have to figure out how to maintain the business and where to begin it. In the SimVenture you can attempt at start from the very beginning agai

General Educational Development Questions Essay

1.Why are hounds keeps an eye on closest companions? Canines are called keeps an eye on closest companion for some reasons. For a long time, hounds have been agreeable, steadfast and defensive of their human proprietors. For similarly the same number of years, hounds have acknowledged the adoration and love of people and have been welcoming them with a sway of the tail this time. A canine despite everything needs to be your pal and play with you regardless of whether you’re feeling terrible or haven’t invested a lot of energy with him as of late. They don’t judge us for things like that, they simply keep wagging.All a pooch needs is to be cherished and adored back. 2. For what reason are Hurricanes Dangerous? Typhoons are viewed as hazardous in light of the fact that they are lethal and are framed from solid hurricanes. At the point when typhoons occur, they bring about substantial downpours and solid breezes that can clear people, structures and domesticated animals, cause inland flooding, marine perils and even tornadoes. With that mix, they exact across the board decimation and can bring about a huge death toll. 3. Is habit an ailment.? â€Å"Addiction is an essential, interminable infection of mind reward, inspiration, memory and related hardware. Brokenness in these circuits prompts trademark organic, mental, social and profound indications. This is reflected in an individual pathologically seeking after remuneration or potentially alleviation by substance use and other behaviors.Addiction is portrayed by powerlessness to reliably decline, weakness in conduct control, needing, lessened acknowledgment of huge issues with one’s practices and relational connections, and a broken enthusiastic reaction. Like other incessant maladies, fixation regularly includes patterns of backslide and reduction. Without treatment or commitment in recuperation exercises, fixation is dynamic and can bring about handicap or sudden passing [emphasis added].† 4.Why is getting my certificate important.? A secondary school confirmation is critical to my future, since school affirmations guides and potential businesses typically won’t think of you as except if you have one. If I somehow happened to get a secondary school confirmation and not need it, very little would have been lost. In any case, in the event that I were to not get a secondary school confirmation and, at that point end up in a circumstance where I required it, I would be in a terrible position. Indeed, even individuals who choose to start their own business may require business classes, which means they would almost certainly should be acknowledged by a school or college, in this way introducing a secondary school certificate. It appears as though numerous businesses and offices of advanced education are happy to acknowledge a GED instead of a secondary school certificate, yet not every one of them are. Moreover, so as to pass my GED, I ought to know about things le arned in secondary school. So it bodes well to stick it out and get the certificate. 5. Why you like or abhorrence Miami.? I like it in light of the fact that it’s overall quite warm with sea shores, and on the grounds that it’s the â€Å"Spanish Hollywood† of the United States. I detest it on account of the avenues that will in general get messy, yet by and large they’re fine. 6. Reasons why Math is significant. Math is immensely significant. Basically all that you do includes math. All vocations invlove some sort of math and regardless of whether you don’t have a profession you despite everything use math ordinary. Consider how frequently a day you gauge something or make sense of some kind of math issue. You do utilize math whether you understand it or not. A few employments like a craftsman probably won't get individuals as a math work however you need to include aggregates of cash so as to sell your specialty, or in any event, when etimating paint utencils and other stuff. 7. For what reason is your closest companion so unique.? My mom is my closest companion, i’ve known her for my entire life. She’s the main individual I realize that will hear me out, not judge, offer legit and genuine guidance without having different thought processes. She’s simply like me yet we’re distinctive from numerous points of view. I feel so honored to have a closest companion who is very. We can share everything from garments, to totes, to hair things and know we’ll get it back lol.! I feel so honored to have somebody so great in my life. The uncommon for me is that I generally going to have her and her unadulterated love. 8. Why is Tanning in the sun Dangerous.? A few people think having a tan gives them a â€Å"healthy glow.† But a tan truly shows that the skin is attempting to shield itself from sun harm. Sun harm can prompt untimely maturing (wrinkles!), eye harm and skin malignant growth. Indeed, even â€Å"indoor tanning† isn't without chance. Tanning beds and lights can open you to much more destructive bright light than the sun does. Also, tanning items, for example, â€Å"self-tanners,†sunless showers and pills can open you to extra dangers, as indicated by the Food and Drug Administration. Before you attempt to get a tan, you ought to figure out how and why our skin tans. At the point when a sort of radiation is presented to the skin, the skin reacts by creating melanin. Melanin is a dull substance that keeps the body from taking in such a large number of destructive sun beams that can harm skin. The sun produces two sorts of beams, UVA and UVB. UVB beams are around the entire year and UVA beams are for the most part present just throughout the late spring. UVA beams are viewed as â€Å"safer† and they cause the skin to age, while UVB beams cause the skin to consume. Be that as it may, both of these sorts of beams are destructive and hazardous in enormous amounts. Overexposure to the sun can cause burn from the sun and even skin disease.

Are CEOs Overpaid - Our Sample Paper

Are CEOs Overpaid - Our Sample Paper Are CEOs Overpaid? Our Sample Paper Is it logical that the average salary of Chief Executive Office, also known as the CEO, has doubled more than 500 times since 1980? It is unbelievable that their salaries have doubled more than 500 times in less than 40 years. This issue has made CEO’s salary become a controversial topic. Some employees say that CEOs do not deserve that amount of money. The reason as to why the owners of companies offer large amounts of money is to attract established and successful people to manage their companies. They feel that excellent leadership is worth paying a fortune for. People who think CEOs are overpaid feel that the CEOs sit back and make many decisions while the actual work is done by the executives and the employees who work under the executives. It is a fact that the executives and employees execute the tasks that make the company successful. However, the executives cannot make the company successful unless they execute the CEO’s decisions. It is, therefore, logical and fair to g ive a huge amount of money as payment to a CEO who generates profit for the company by his or her ideas and decisions. People feel disconnected from the CEO. They are not willing to share with management what could be fixed or improved. The people on the ground dont feel that top management understands them, Eleanor Bloxham said*. It is true that the high income enables well paid CEOs to live a lush life. However, the CEO cannot achieve this position until he or she has acquired a huge amount of knowledge in management and life. Therefore, the CEO recognizes that if he or she ignores the company’s consumers or employees, the company will not make profit. Reduction in the company’s profit is one of the consequences of giving the CEO a high salary. Although no one would argue that this is a fact, it is not true. The company does not pay that amount of money unless the CEO generates this profit. When the company decides to offer that amount of money, they offer it to the person himself or herself. In other words, the company pays that amount of money to be managed by the CEO’s experience. Finally, some people think that the CEO makes decisions and gives other employees tasks to run the company. The CEO also creates the company’s goals. Creating the company’s goals is as important as working to achieve these goals. Also, CEO’s decisions are very important, hard to make, and have many probabilities. Every day the CEO has to make an important decision which may determine whether a company will grow or fail. With one good decision, the CEO might generate or save multi-million dollars in profit. Equally, one bad decision might lose multi-million dollars from the company’s income. In conclusion, even though the executives and employees do all tasks in the company, they cannot work without the CEO’s decisions. The CEO has to be a creative person who thinks outside the box. Therefore, the CEOs deserve that amount of money. Several reasons make CEOs deserve their salaries: Their high salaries do not affect their performance, their ideas lead companies to make large high profits, and the CEO’s decisions are not less important than working to achieve the company’s goals.

Biography of Christopher Wallace, The Big Essay - 947 Words

â€Å"Skys the limit and you know that you can have, what you want, be what you want, have what you want, be what you want.† This lyric by Christopher Wallace simply states that if you want something that it is possible for you to achieve it with enough hard work. Christopher Wallace, known to the world as the Notorious BIG was a product of the streets growing up in the ghetto of Brooklyn in the 1990s. Christopher inspired many with his timeless lyrics reflecting the American dream from the perspective of the average poverty stricken youth. His rise to success gave hope to the masses that if a young kid from Brooklyn can make it big, that anyone can (Wilkins). His songs and image continue to impact the world today as he became of music`s†¦show more content†¦This sparked the beef between east and west coast rappers that still lasts to this day. In August of 1994 he married Faith Evans. A month later in September he released his debut album, Ready to Die (UXL). This is the album that changed his life and left an everlasting impact on the world. With 2pac`s death occurring in the end of 1996 the beef between east and west coast rappers was at an all time high and Biggie was promoting his second album. He played a controversial show in LA during this strand of promotional shows. The night of this show, March 9, 1997, Biggie was shot and killed leaving the club. Going from nothing to becoming an of the biggest rappers in history is truly inspiring to many. In his lyrics he showed the truth of the streets that many people never knew and the struggles of the everyday life for some. It wasn’t a glorious journey to stardom but more so a road with many obstacles in the way. Many of which affected his public image because being a former crack dealer and having gang associations does not look good to the general public. Biggie however never glorified or promoted his past lifestyle with his music. 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Introduction. Forensic Dna Phenotyping Is A New And Emerging

Introduction Forensic DNA Phenotyping is a new and emerging field of forensic science. As it is so new, there is very little in terms of literature on this field, very little testing done on this type of identification, and few cases that have used DNA Phenotyping to assist in the investigation. The first documented case of DNA Phenotyping being used is in the early 2000s, so it has had under 20 years of research and experimentation with it. There are many weaknesses to the version of DNA Phenotyping that is available for use so far, but once there is more research done on it, and more experimentation with this new science, DNA Phenotyping could easily be a major tool to investigators around the world. Description of Science Forensic†¦show more content†¦Eye colour, or more specifically iris colour, is determined by pigments. The type, distribution, and amount of pigments in the iris is what gives colour. The hue and saturation of the iris colour are extremely highly correlated, which points to a biological explanation. Blue and brown eyes are genetically recessive, which means they can be predicted using DNA (Liu et al, 2010). When analyzing DNA, the analysts create a DNA profile for each evidentiary piece of DNA. The DNA profile is based on 13 markers, or locations, within the genome. These 13 markers are chosen because they show a high variability between individuals. By using these 13 markers, the probability of 2 individuals having the exact same 13 markers is infinitesimal. But DNA profiles as they are now are made for identification purposes only. The profiles are not meant to contain personal genetic information (Matheson, 2016). But through the work of Susan Walsh, together with colleagues in the Netherlands, they have been able to create models for eye colour and hair colour. For the model on eye colour, they have a 95% accurate predictability rate, but only for brown and blue eyes. They have not done as extensive of work on the other colours of eyes. For the model on hair colour, they have a 90%

Exploring William Moebius Article Introduction to...

William Moebius writes in his article Introduction to Picture Book Codes about the several ways one can use to interpret the apparent relationship between the text of a Picture Book and its Pictures. He indicates that there are five different distinct codes to use when analyzing the text as well as the images. Those codes are: the code of position, size, and diminishing return, the codes of perspective, the code of the frame and the right and round, the code of line and capillarity, and the code of colour. Each code speaks of a different aspect of the image and how it relates to psychology behind the implied meaning. These methods come together in Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak. Each page is filled with evidence†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, if the lines are fuzzy and further apart they indicate emotions of calmness and clarity. Maurice Sendak uses cross-hatching as his method of shading throughout the story. Early in the story the lines are ver y close together leave little to the imagination. The lines on the bed spread are close together and there is cross-hatching on Maxs face as he is scowling. This indicates the anger Max is feeling by being sent to his room as a form of punishment. in the scenes where the bedroom starts to turn into the jungle, the lines become further apart and fuzzy. This was done to give a sense that Max is switching from anger to happiness as his world begins to open up before his eyes. Also when he is smiling, the cross-hatching is nearly gone. This frees up Maxs face and gives the reader a brighter, more cheerful depiction of Max. In the code of colour Moebius talks about the use of color to express emotion within the pictures. For instance, the traditional psychology behind certain colors convey certain emotions. The darker color pallet is often associated with disappointment and confusion; while the brighter side of the spectrum lends a more optimistic or discovery filled view of the world. In the beginning of Where The Wild Things Are Maurice Sendak sticks with a bright color pallet of soft beige and greens. This gives the reader a sense that Max is comfortable with his surroundings. The color is also less shaded by the

Scheduling in Woolworths Transport Department- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theScheduling in Woolworths Transport Department. Answer: Introduction Every business organization thrives well with proper planning and coordination of all departments that oversee separate tasks and responsibilities. The departments include human resource, transportation department, marketing and sales department and production and service departments. Within the departments, various projects are supposed to be properly managed to conform to other departmental projects. The harmonious coordination of all the departments ensures successful management of the organization as a whole. The purpose of this article is to examine scheduling in the transport department, how it affects the operation of the company. It discusses the critical issues that arise within the department and how to resolve the issues and what should be done to improve on the transportation department about the scheduling of the activities. The article further examines the gaps, analyses them and come up with a proper revised operation management in relation Smart. It ends with an evalu ation of the developed management process against the common best practices. Woolworths is an Australian largest supermarket chain that poses an extensive retail of about 995 throughout Australia and some in New Zealand (Arli et al., 2013). The company forms the second company by revenue in Australia and mainly deals with take away liquor, fresh food products such as fruits and vegetables, petrol, hotel and general merchandizes. Transport department at Woolworths oversees the movement of goods from the supermarkets, warehouses to various retail stores for easy distribution to customers, and the transportation of raw materials such as farm produce to various supermarkets and retail stores. The department uses a variety of means such as trucks ships and parcel services. For proper delivery of all these products, the departmental heads must do proper scheduling. Scheduling is definable as the process of arranging, controlling and optimizing the workload thereby allocating proper mechanism (Nurul, 2017).Scheduling in transport department , therefore refers to the process of making a planned procedure in a written form for a particular objective concerning time for completion (Gestrelius et al., 2017). In the transport department, a schedule is drafted by the manager and it always indicates the period, the vehicle number and the personnel responsible for ensuring that a particular products or raw materials are taken to the required destination (Karuno Yuda, 2011). For such proper movement, proper scheduling to get accomplished and the process requires logistical approach. Efficient scheduling of the transportation department needs deep concern in allocating the vehicles and determination of the routes within the given due dates (Michaelis Schobel, 2009). Just like any other departments such as production, the transport department faces different issues that affect their scheduled programs on the delivery of the products to the determined by customers requirements and needs. Woolworths Company engages itself with various types of transport modes, which are the road, rail air, and water. The transport department uses different criteria to determine e the form of transportation (Tian Demeulemeester, 2013). In case of urgencies, the department, the department will deploy a more reliable, a quick mode such use as air transport while the bulk and heavy will require the use of trucks. The scheduling also depends on the stipulated delivery date, the possibility of product damage. The most common problems are the vehicle routing problem, bad weather, and poor status of vehicles. The Woolworths transport department scheduling program depends on numbers of issues such as the number of routes and destinations, the number of available drivers, the distance that is covered to make the distributions, the road systems and conditions, the nature of the goods to be distributed and the nature of circumstance. The schedules are into two different categories, which are local and international deliveries (Wang, 2013). The local transport schedule ensures distribution of the products within the locality of the company. Such moving the bulk loads of the products from the company to the airports, local warehouses ports using roads, while the international scheduling involves the movement of the products and the raw materials to and from the foreign countries (Sama et al., 2015). The process will include the use of contracted companies since Woolworths is not able to sustain t he transportation of fruits and fresh vegetables from foreign countries such as United States, China, and Netherlands (Hanus McClarre, 2016). The international movement involves different logistics such as freight forwarders, clearing agents and the service inspections that are responsible of ensuring that all the border-crossing goods conform to the policies. Scheduling issues faced within the Transport Department. The main issues faced by the department are the late delivery of the products and fresh produce from the farms , caused by different factors such as less number of trucks owned by the company and that are in poor status hence end up being inefficient during bad weather seasons. The bad weather that interferes with the transportation since many trucks cannot go through the farms that are muddy, resulting to stacking (Peng et al., 2013). As a result, there is delay in the delivery of the fresh produce that may lead to them going bad. The delay of the many raw materials is transmitted to the production process that eventually changes the period of the provision of the products to the customers. The railway transportation system that is cheaper mode of transport does not favor Woolworths services as the most of the heavy products are the farm produce, and the railways line does not run to the sources of the fruits and vegetables, hence forcing the company to use the trucks. There are tim es that Woolworths has to contract other transportation companies to enable it to distribute its products to those regions that are far for example in the international markets. The Contracted transportation companies such as air cargo and Railway Corporation always cause inconveniencies with departure and arrival time that keep on changing (Nossack Pesch, 2013). Most of them also have fixed to schedule most probably a weekly time plan and with a fixed amount of load. The problem arises when the Woolworths delays sending the packed packages to the flight, meaning that there will be no delivery to the international customers; as a result, the sales are affected. Some of the contracted transport companies Offices are far away from Woolworths Company, hence creating more expenses in the delivery of the products. The unreliability of many contracted transportation departments and poor coordination of the organizational units results into products delivery time changes. A large number of third parties authorities such as brokers, traffic police, port authorities and customs agents that are involved in transportation end up taking a lot of money from the tracks; this also makes the most expensive . Poor coordination of the departments also is a major issue. The client service department at times fails to deliver the orders to the production and dispatch department, affecting the process of packaging (Arli et al., 2013). The delaying at the end forces the transportation department to use additional means to ensure that the customers orders are delivered within the period. Such inconvenience leads to the extra use of money and resources that are outside the plan. The poor status of the trucks also increases the probability of the vehicles facing accidents, and such accidents lead to the loss of the millions of the companys products. The weather disturbance is a common issue that affects the transport department, as adverse weather conditions result in the delay of both the trucks and freight deliveries. During the bad weather, the estimated times always change. How to address these issues It is very evident that for the customer to receive the product at the specified time, all departments must be in harmonious coordination so as the production, the packaging, and the dispatch areas the stipulated period. With any delaying of any activity, then the scheduling of the transportation department is bound to change. The manager should ensure that all the trucks get good maintenance by changing the worn out tires, the brake system is properly working, and the headlights are clear to illuminate the way during the night transportation. The manager should also ensure that enough shipping trucks are availed to avoid any inconvenience to the deliveries of the products and raw materials to customers and the company. It is beyond human being to control the weather, but it is within the capability of the human being to ensure bad weather does not adversely affect the operations. The manager can ensure this by having the proper trucks that are all seasons truck tires; this will avoi d any vehicle stacking or even sliding during rainy seasons. On the issue of other contracted transportation companies, the manager should ensure that the agreement signed is accommodative to avoid any undelivered due to late submission of the products to the freight. The contracted transportation companies should also be reliable in times of the emergency and are viable financially to cover the cost of shipping. The manager should also push the company to go an extra mile and plan how to acquire a private cargo airplane that will solve the issue of the inconveniences. What should be done to improve the Logistic issues It is in no doubt that transport logistics is very critical Woolworths company success, therefore essential improvements are needed to see the company stay in the global market. The key logistic issues that are facing transportation departments are inadequate number of carriers, containers, and transportation options. Therefore, in order to improve logistically, Woolworths must familiarize with the available modes of transport that are cost effective and reliable. Woolworths should also familiarize with the international trade and regulations to enable it efficiently venture into the foreign countries. The familiarity will help the company from engaging into unnecessary law cases. Due to the global technological change, many businesses embrace the use of the internet to improve on the transportation logistics, such as mobile tracking technologies and mobile printers. (Bodhani, 2012).The transport department can improve logistically by improving the end-to-end visibility to sustain pr ofitability and viability. The manager should be able to detect any environmental issues that may cause the delivery delaying of the products to customers, especially to the areas that need airlifting. These weather changes can always be detectable by the improved mobile devices such as barcode scanners and radio frequency identification to provide information on climate changes. The mobile technologies help the department to improve the efficiency by giving information on the real-data time across the entire supply chain. Trucks management is essential in the every organization's Transport department and therefore calls for an outstanding manager that can oversee proper operations. The everyday use of the trucks leads to wear out of every part that must be replaced and properly maintained to keep the machines in use for a longer period (Day Tosey, 2012). Poor scheduling of the trucks may also lead to a standstill when all fleets are out on the road and leaving none for any emergency use. Therefore, to maximize the productivity of the trucks, the manager should use the new technologies such as the mobile scanner, computer, and the radio frequency identification to keep in planning and keep the fleet moving harmoniously. The mobile devices can capture, share, and manage data on the trucks allowing continuous communication with the drivers, who gives emergency updates for immediate actions to be taken by the office. Woolworths Company can assist in transportation department by increasing the number of the warehouses in far regions and storing the goods according to the customers preference report. Through doing this, the problem of delay is solvable as the products can be easily distributed and accessed by the potential clients (Yaghini et al., 2012). Distributing the warehouses tends to be cost-effective, as less fuel usage. Systematic planning and scheduling of all the activities should conform to other departmental programs such as the production timetable (Hanus McClarre, 2016). This conformity will allow the transport department to know the time of deliverance of a particular product and when the production staff is ready with it, it will assist the manager to assign the drivers accordingly. Gap analysis Even though Woolworths Company has an extensive distribution of products throughout Australia, they have not adequately met the customers demands because of the continuous rate of growth of customers shopping (Asgersson, 2012). The primary deficiencies within the Woolworths business transportation department that affects schedule activities because of the inadequacy of the owned trucks that are not able to fulfill the demand of the distribution of the products within the locality, as a result, the company spends so much in contracting other transportation companies. As a result, calls for more sourcing of fresh fruits and vegetables, which not met adequately with the Australian farming. The problem Chain addresses this problem through the import the fresh fruits and vegetables from other countries such as from the United States and Netherlands (Zhang et al., 2014). The importation faces some of the constraints such as the international policies, that high perishable products in case the flight's delay. The company is not also able to reach its target as there are fluctuations of the customers buying habits that are mainly affected by the seasons changing economic status and introduction of potential competitors. The situation always pushes the average prices to fall even despite the fact that the availability of the fresh produces making the market share to decline in 2016 as compared to the previous years. Woolworths Company concentrates the activities in Australia and part of New Zealand, and to make a command on the global market, and the company should expand its warehouses, supermarkets, and retail stores to other countries. Many business companies have to use SMART to improve their performance. It is the best way to set goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. Due to a large number of employees within the company especially the transport department, smart scheduling is very vital so as the vehicles and the drivers can be organized hourly through the use of cloud-based technique rather than the use of either whiteboards or simple pen and paper, that are tiresome (Rocha et al., 2012). This technique is also is also advantageous since it allows the transport department to avoid the chaotic moments such as holidays or festivals when most of the drivers might tend to take days off. Smart scheduling also allows the transport department to keep the driver's data of work that the manager can use to identify any deficiency among the team (Prabhahar Ravichandran, 2013). Smart scheduling does not only benefits the transport department but the employees too within the department as they can view their working schedule through the use of mobile applications and organize themselves in case of any changes in the program. Through the mobile technique, the employee can request time off or accept additional shifts. The developed operational management, smart scheduling is more efficient than the typical programming practice as a better and accurate timetable can be established that will oversee the delivery of raw materials and products to their destinations at the required times (Prabhahar Ravichndran, 2011). The successful management of the movement of the goods will reduce the cost and increase the customer's satisfaction since there will be a good maintenance of the truck, a proper tracking system and well working hours for the staff to ensure continuous service to the customers. Conclusion For smooth operation of the transport system in every organization, quite some issues put in places, such as the availability of the vehicle, availability of drivers, the distance to be covered the delivery time and the nature of the products or raw materials. It is observable that the there are gaps in the daily operation of the transport department that eventually makes the company fail to attain its goal of providing enough food products to the Australian. The company also has more opportunities in the international market that they can use to expand their territory and increase their global market share. Through the utilization of the smart scheduling, Woolworth's company transport department can efficiently manage and control both the employee's work schedule and the movement of all the tracks in the road to enhance efficiency. Therefore, it is vital for the department in every organization to have a well-developed scheduling to ensure that all the raw materials and the products arrive at the customer's within the specified time. References Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R., Soldo, E. (2013). WOOLWORTHS AUSTRALIA AND WALMART US: BEST PRACTICES IN SUPPLY CHAIN COLLABORATION. Journal Of Economics, Business, And Accountancy | Ventura, 16(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v16i1.123 sgeirsson, E. (2012). Bridging the gap between self schedules and feasible schedules in staff scheduling. Annals Of Operations Research, 218(1), 51-69. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-012-1060-2 Bodhani, A. (2012). Smart transport. Engineering Technology, 7(6), 70. https://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2012.0611 Day, T., Tosey, P. (2011). Beyond SMART? A new framework for goal setting. Curriculum Journal, 22(4), 515-534. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2011.627213 Gestrelius, S., Aronsson, M., Joborn, M., Bohlin, M. (2017). Towards a comprehensive model for track allocation and roll-time scheduling at marshalling yards. Journal Of Rail Transport Planning Management. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2017.06.002 Hanu, M., McClarren, R. (2016). On the Use of Symmetrized Transport Equation in Goal-Oriented Adaptivity. Journal Of Computational And Theoretical Transport, 45(4), 314-333. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23324309.2016.1164722 KARUNO, Y., YUDA, K. (2011). 3293 Scheduling Vehicles of Minimizing the Number of Dispatched Staff Members. Proceedings Of International Conference On Leading Edge Manufacturing In 21St Century : LEM21, 2011.6(0), _3293-1_-_3293-4_. https://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2011.6._3293-1_ Laird, J., Venables, A. (2017). Transport investment and economic performance: A framework for project appraisal. Transport Policy, 56, 1-11. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.02.006 Michaelis, M., Schbel, A. (2009). Integrating line planning, timetabling, and vehicle scheduling: a customer-oriented heuristic. Public Transport, 1(3), 211-232. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12469-009-0014-9 Nossack, J., Pesch, E. (2013). Planning and Scheduling in Intermodal Transport. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 46(9), 27-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20130619-3-ru-3018.00640 Nurul Habib, K. (2017). A Comprehensive Utility based System of activity-Travel scheduling Options Modelling (CUSTOM) for Workers Daily Activity Scheduling Processes. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 1-26. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23249935.2017.1385656 Peng, F., Ouyang, Y., Somani, K. (2013). Optimal routing and scheduling of periodic inspections in large-scale railroad networks. Journal Of Rail Transport Planning Management, 3(4), 163-171. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2014.02.003 R.PRABHAHAR, R., G.RAVICHANDRAN, G. (2011). Optimal Planning and Scheduling in Multistoreyed Building. Indian Journal Of Applied Research, 4(4), 72-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2014/255 Rocha, M., Oliveira, J., Carravilla, M. (2012). Cyclic staff scheduling: optimization models for some real-life problems. Journal Of Scheduling, 16(2), 231-242. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10951-012-0299-4 Sam, M., Meloni, C., D'Ariano, A., Corman, F. (2015). A multi-criteria decision support methodology for real-time train scheduling. Journal Of Rail Transport Planning Management, 5(3), 146-162. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2015.08.001 Tian, W., Demeulemeester, E. (2013). Railway scheduling reduces the expected project makespan over roadrunner scheduling in a multi-mode project scheduling environment. Annals Of Operations Research, 213(1), 271-291. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-012-1277-0 Wandelt, S., Sun, X. (2015). Evolution of the international air transportation country network from 2002 to 2013. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics And Transportation Review, 82, 55-78. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2015.08.002 Wang, Z. (2013). Optimized Vehicle Scheduling Algorithm of Distribution Center. Applied Mechanics And Materials, 340, 581-586. https://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.581 Yaghini, M., Alimohammadian, A., Sharifi, S. (2012). A goal programming technique for railroad passenger scheduling. Management Science Letters, 2(2), 535-542. https://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2011.12.013 Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Wang, J. (2014). Robust gain-scheduling energy-to-peak control of vehicle lateral dynamics stabilisation. Vehicle System Dynamics, 52(3), 309-340. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2013.879190

True hadiths and the fabricated ones

Introduction Muslims derive the laws that govern them from many sources. The Qur’an is the most important source of law for the Muslims, followed by the Hadith. Hadith is the compilation of the words and deeds of Prophet Muhammad and his companions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on True hadiths and the fabricated ones specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The companions were the students of Prophet Muhammad. These compilations have been passing down many generations up to the present. Many scholars have tried to expound on the hadith throughout history. Their writings have also been included in the hadith. However, some hadiths are not authentic because their writers either altered their original meanings or falsified some facts. This discussion therefore looks into the efforts of scholars in trying to distinguish between the true hadiths from the fabricated ones in order to prevent the Muslims from being misled . The Science of Hadith The hadith is divided into two parts. The first part includes the words and deeds of Prophet Muhammad and his companions (matn) while the other part contains the chain of transmitters of the information from Prophet Muhammad through many generations (isnad). Muslims look at the chain of transmitters in determining what text are authentic. Each hadith has the text, the chain of reporters and the first sentence of the text (taraf). The hadith is classified by Muslims into four sections. The first consists of the statements of the Prophet Muhammad, the second includes his deeds, the third includes the deeds of the Prophet Muhammad’s companions, and the fourth contains Allah’s inspired words through Prophet Muhammad, which are not written in the Qur’an (Kamali 7). The science of the hadith involves the quest of hadith scholars to assess the narrations contained in the hadith in order to separate the true accounts from the ones that have been fabricated. The science of hadith enhances the understanding of the Qur’an by the Muslims.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is a raging controversy on whether the hadith should continue being used as a source of religious instruction. Opponents of the hadith cite reasons like its inaccuracy and irrelevance in the modern setting. Authentication of the hadith was necessary as some hadiths contain misleading facts due to inaccuracy of the text, forgetfulness of some facts by the reporters and deceitfulness and fabrication of other texts. Since the days of Prophet Muhammad, authenticity of the hadith was a matter of great concern. For instance, Prophet Muhammad told the companions not to write down his teachings because he did not want people to confuse his words with those of Allah. Later the Prophet asked the companions to write down his teachings but emphasized on truthfulness and accuracy in their recordings (Hasan 23). When assessing the authenticity of the narrations of the hadith, the scholars examine various aspects. They examine the reference to a certain authority, the number of reporters involved in the narration, the memory strength and reliability of reporters, whether the links of isnad are interrupted or not, and the nature of the content and the isnad (Khan 40). Four categories of hadith can be derived when examining them according to the reference to a certain authority. The hadith that is a revelation from God is classified as divine or Qudsi while that which is a narration from Prophet Muhammad is termed as elevated or Marfu. A hadith that is a companion’s narration only is classified as stopped (or Mauquf) while that which is from a successor is referred to as severed or Maqtu. The successors were the students of the companions (Khan 43). When assessing the authenticity of the hadith according to the links of isnad, se veral categories are obtained. The first category is the Supported or Musnad, which refers to a hadith narrated by someone on the basis of the knowledge he gained from his teacher at a suitable learning time, and the chain of reporters proceed to a well known companion and finally to Prophet Muhammad. Another category is Continuous or Muttasil, which describes a hadith with an uninterrupted chain of reporters going back only to a companion or a successor. The hurried or Mursal hadith is one in which there is no link between the successor and the Prophet. The successor directly quotes the Prophet without the link of a companion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on True hadiths and the fabricated ones specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A broken hadith or Munqati is one with a missing link before the successor. In a perplexing hadith or Muadal, the reporter does not include two or more successive reporters in the isnad. Another category is Muallaq or hanging hadith in which the reporter omits the whole chain of reporters and directly quotes the Prophet. He does not quote anyone else in the chain of reporters (Hasan 32). Another approach that the scholars use in determining the authenticity of the hadith is through examining the number of reporters at each stage of the isnad. From this assessment, the scholars have come up with five categories. The scholars classify a hadith as consecutive or Mutawatir if a very large number of people were involved in its reporting. The scholars assume that a large number of people is not capable of coming up with as consistent fabrication, and therefore that hadith is declared authentic. A hadith that is narrated by fewer reporters than the Mutawir is referred to as an isolated hadith or Ahad. Isolated hadiths can fall in three classes. The first one is Mash’hur or famous hadith, which is narrated by more than two reporters. A rare or strong hadith (Aziz) is narrated by only two reporters at any stage of the chain of reporters. A hadith that is narrated by only one reporter at any stage of the isnad is referred to as a strange hadith or Gharib. The fewer the reporters of a hadith, the less authentic it becomes (Hasan 37). In assessing the authenticity of the hadith according to the nature of the isnad and the text, two categories are derived. A denounced hadith or Munkar is used to refer to a hadith whose narrator is weak and the narration contradicts another hadith, which is considered authentic. An interpolated hadith or Mudraj is a narration that is an addition to the hadith being narrated (A’zami 49). The scholars also gauge the authenticity of a hadith based on the memory strength and reliability of the reporters. This procedure is used as the final test of whether a hadith should be declared authentic or not. From this assessment, four categories of hadiths are obtained. A hadith is termed to be sound or Sahih if its narra tor upholds his religion, has a reputation of reporting true narrations, fully understands what he is reporting without changing anything, and reports the exact words of the hadith. Moreover, the isnad of a sound hadith should be continuous, and the reporters at each stage of the chain should have a good reputation and strong memory. The text should also not have any inconsistencies or mistakes.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another category is a good hadith or Hasan. This is one whose reporters are clear and the source is known. A weak or Da’if hadith is one that does not meet the requirements of Hasan or good hadith. The reasons for the weakness of a hadith could be due to discontinuity or if one of the reporters has a negative reputation of either fabrication of ideas, differing with authentic sources or lacking clarity in his reporting. Another category is the Maudu or fabricated hadith. A hadith is termed as fabricated if the text is inconsistent with the known Prophet’s words or some of the reporters have a reputation of lying. A fabricated hadith will also have inconsistencies in the dates that certain well-known events took place. Such fabricated hadiths can mislead the Muslims and therefore should be identified and abandoned (Azizullah 37). Conclusion The science of hadith is concerned with examining the hadith and determining which ones are authentic and which are fabricated. The hadiths were passed down from Prophet Muhammad, to the companions, then the successors and other reporters through many generations and therefore, there is a possibility of distortion of the message. Therefore, scholars have used several methodologies to find out which hadiths are truly authentic and to discard the fabricated ones. Authentication of the hadiths is important because it prevents the Muslims from being misled by forged hadiths that give falsehoods and contradict the truth. Works Cited A’á ºâ€œami, Muá ¸ ¥ammad, Muá ¹ £Ã¡ ¹ ­afa. Studies In Hadith Methodology And Literature. USA: American Trust Publications, 1977. Print Azizullah, Muhammad. Glimpses of the Hadith. UK: Crescent Publications, 1973. Print Hasan, Suhaib. An introduction to the science of Hadith. Riyadh: Darussalam, 1996. Print Kamali, Mohammad, Hashim. A Textbook of á ¸ ¤adith Studies: Authenticity, Compilation, Classification, And Criticism Of á ¸ ¤adith. Great Britain: Islamic Foundation, 200 9. Print Khan, Israr, Ahmad. Authentication of Hadith: Redefining the Criteria. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2011. Print This essay on True hadiths and the fabricated ones was written and submitted by user Dulce Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Studying Abroad Example

Studying Abroad Example Studying Abroad – Coursework Example Studying Abroad Studying abroad has many advantages for having the dream of traveling out of their country. It is indeed an important period in one’s life as there are a lot of experiences and opportunities that come in one’s path (Byram34). Students studying abroad have the benefit of getting to know and share their ideas with other foreign students who comes from different cultures and countries. Moreover, the experience is a pool of new ideas as several research methods and studies are brought on the table (Fulbright 2014).The opportunity of studying abroad also offers students with a chance to discuss global issues as affecting different students in their mother counties; however, they have the facts and first experience of the problems they are facing back at home. Therefore, this opens an opportunity for them to borrow new ideas that might be of help in solving they face back at home(Rabinowitz 38).It also brings harmony among different individuals coming from dif ferent races and cultures. They get to know each others culture, therefore acquire knowledge of the different cultural practices being practiced in different countries around the world(Cressey 509).Lastly, studying abroad has a great impact on the self development of a student. This is because they get to learn new languages, eat new foods and learn different cultures as they mingle and share with each of the (Carolyn). In addition, the students also learn to make both personal and professional decisions among themselves as they are far away from their parents. Moreover, new knowledge is acquired in the course of studying abroad by students as the education curriculum students are exposed too are different from those in their own countries (Llanes, ngels,& Carmen Muà ±oz 64).The three things that are important to remember when researching, citing and putting together a works cited pages in a specific citation style are that ideas are the currency of academia. Secondly, by not citin g a work that was researched by someone else, his rights are violated as the ideas that one is writing are the authors ideas and not his own. Lastly, I believe that academics need to be able to trace the pedigree of ideas.Byram, Michael. Living and studying abroad research and practice. Clevedon [England: Multilingual Matters Ltd., 2006. Print.Carolyn Bigda. Studying abroad can help you stand out from peers. Chicago Tribune Business. 18 October, 2013. 19th Feb 2014. Cressey, William W. Guide to Studying Abroad. New York: Random House, 2004. Print. 509Fulbright Belgium. Why Study Abroad? Youtube.com 19th Feb 2014. youtube.com/watch?v=Re0K9T9MsRU"i am studying+2second year in Nepal and i want to come usa for futher studies.my exams will be conducted soon.i want to study computer engineering and i want to develop my career.what should i do?." - QUESTIONS ON EDUCATION. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. .Loflin, Stephen E.. Adventures abroad: the students guide to studying overseas. New York : Kaplan Publishing, 2007. Print.Llanes, ngels, and Carmen Muà ±oz. "Age Effects in a Study Abroad Context: Children and Adults Studying Abroad and at Home." Language Learning 63.1 (2013): 63-90. Print.Rabinowitz, Fredric E.. "The impact of an interpersonal encounter-group class for north american college students studying abroad." The Journal for Specialists in Group Work 19.1 (1994): 38-42. Print.

Compare & Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compare & Contrast - Essay Example One of the primary reasons why individuals choose the raw food diet is because they believe that heating food above 116 degrees Fahrenheit would destroy the enzymes within the food which assist in the digestion and absorption of food. Cooking is also thought to reduce the nutritional value and â€Å"life force† of food. However, critics of the raw food diet say that it doesn’t matter if some enzymes get inactivated when food is cooked because the human body uses its own enzymes for digestion. In addition, cooking makes certain phyto-chemicals, like beta-carotene in carrots, easier to absorb (Wong 2). The vegans on the other hand believe in a philosophy and lifestyle that seeks to exclude the use of animals for food, clothing, or any other purpose. People tend to pursue the vegan lifestyle primarily because of ethical commitments or moral convictions regarding animal rights, environment, human health, and spiritual or religious concerns. Hence vegans are strictly opposed to practices that involve factory farming, animal testing, and the intensive use of land and other resources for animal farming. The raw food diet is low in trans fats and saturated fats and high in potassium, magnesium, folate, fiber and health-promoting plant chemicals called phyto-chemicals. These properties are associated with a reduced risk of diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Proponents of this diet also believe that this diet offers numerous health benefits like increased energy, improved skin appearance, better digestion and weight loss. Similar to the raw food diet, a nutritionally sound vegan diet is free of cholesterol and is generally low in fat. On the other hand, this diet is rich in proteins, calcium, zinc and iron. Therefore, eating a vegan diet makes it easy to conform to recommendations given to reduce the risk of major chronic diseases such as colon cancer, heart attack, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, prostate cancer, and

Global Issues in Design and Visuality in the 21st Century Cultural Essay

Global Issues in Design and Visuality in the 21st Century Cultural Analysis of the street - Essay Example The shape, dimension and structure of a civilization can vary. A educational collection can be a extensively scattered small figure of people, who shares a ordinary put of norms and values, or it be able to be a nation - smooth our world can be looked upon because a customer ambitious, capitalist civilization. Broken down, culture cannot live on it's own. It relies on the communication flanked by a dispatcher and a handset. It is in this interaction - the indoctrination and decode of a exacting communication, followed by the formation of meaning that civilization comes into existents; continually changing as it emerge and disappear into realism. The meaning creation can take put as it has done from the dawn of man type, from side to side conversation, playing, dancing etc. But as time has distorted, the ways that we interrelate with every other has changed the length of its side. From the industrialisation and onwards, novel technologies have open a new era of person interaction, allowing one-to-many message, defined as mass-communication. Mass message is generally the procedure of a expert communicator sending a communication reproduced from side to side electric or automatic equipment to a varied and anonyms audience. Newspapers, radio, television, cinema and the Internet are all instances of mass communiqu. Us as active participants in civilization, are daily bare to the various mail makes by mass communicators, and are continually in process of creating sense and defining civilization. The specific instance of popular civilization that I will analyse is music television (MTV). I will analyse it in conditions of; - Its place on the worldwide educational marked, - Its influence on the connotation creation of its audience - Its structure and place inside its surrounding civilization and surrounded by society. MTV is a cultural occurrence in our cotemporary civilization, living and mouthful of air through its spectators and their awareness and identity. It is a suitable subject of learn since of its widespread fame and its self-imposed educational aesthetics. What extra to speak than MTV is MTV. MTV, make and accumulation consumerism On August 1. 1981, MTV was launched for the primary time into educational awareness. Immortalizing itself the original VJ (Video jockey) kicked off with the language "ladies and gentlemen, rock 'n' roll," appropriate follow by "the Buggles" "Video killed the radio star" The first melody video network was born and complete it clear that music, or at smallest quantity the marketing of music, would turn out to be a visual medium, and the melody manufacturing hasn't been the similar since. When looking at MTV today it is firm to imagine that this enormous help figure, on one occasion was on the tilt of continued existence. The astronomical enlargement of wealth and

An analysis of the key factors that influence the levels of motivation

An analysis of the key factors that influence the levels of motivation The purpose of this study are the motivational factors that Shell Pakistan use to motivates its employees to work in different departments. I have taken five departments: Sales, Marketing, Finance, HR and Production department. As around 300 people work in Shell and to motivate them shell uses different motivational theories which may include Alderfers ERG Theory, McClellands Theory of Needs, Equity Theory, Expectancy Theory. These are the following motivational factors that these departments practice continuously to motivate employees. Employee Appraisal Intrinsic Awards Employee Involvement Skill-based Pay Plans Flexible Benefits Benefits programme Training provision Time off and time out Our diverse global community Sports and social activities Listening to our employees After the analysis of complete survey we can conclude that employees of SHELL PAKISTAN enjoys different attributes of Motivation like they have Job Satisfaction as they believe they have personal and professional growth opportunities, they feel they have empowerment. They have very skillful, high-quality and superior working environment. They believe that their performance is appreciated will result in reward as SHELL PAKISTAN is having EDR system. The one thing that may be a cause of de-motivation is SHELL PAKISTAN does not offer tailored benefits. CORPORATE PROFILE Second Largest oil marketing company in Pakistan with an average turnover of over US$3.4 billion and market share of over 24% in black oil and 35% in white oil. Blue chip organization with market capitalization of around Rs. 44 billion {US$ 755 million} contributing US$ 873 million to the national exchequer. Regained market leadership in Mogas during FY 04 by elevating market share to 44% Set financial landmarks over the last 4 years with earnings almost doubled from Rs.2.3 billion to Rs. 7.06 billion maximizing shareholders value. Only Pakistani corporation to become member of the World Economic Forum based on stringent and forward looking criteria. Only company in Pakistan whose turnaround and remarkable performance is cited in various case studies both locally and internationally. Around 3,800 retail outlets across the country including 1,000 New Vision outlets commissioned within five years. Vast infrastructure of 9 installations and 23 depots from Karachi to Chitral and a supply chain supported by 2000 strong tank-lorry fleet and 950 railway wagons. Extensive storage capacity, almost 15% of total national storage, i.e. around 160,000 metric tons. A company fully aware of HSE standards and using these as part of continuous improvement process. ISO 9001:2000 certification of major retail outlets, Mobile Quality Testing Units and key installations/ depots and ISO 14001:1996 distinction for Kemari Terminal C. Leading National Company committed to support ongoing or innovative social and charitable projects in the field of education, health, welfare, women empowerment, etc. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 COMPANY INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 Introduction 7 1.2 Vision Evaluation 8 1.3 Values 8 1.4 Responsibilities: 8 1.5 Future Engagements 9 2 MOTIVATION IN ORGANIZATION 11 2.1 Definition 11 2.2 Motivation Process 11 2.3 Employee Motivation at Workplace 11 3 MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES ADOPTED AT SHELL PAKISTAN 13 3.1 Alderfers ERG Theory 13 3.1.1 Difference between Maslows Hierarchy of Need Alderfers 13 3.1.2 Alderfers ERG Theory AT SHELL PAKISTAN 14 3.1.3 Relatedness 15 3.1.4 Growth 15 3.2 Equity Theory 16 3.2.1 Theory Overview 16 3.2.2 Equity Theory AT SHELL PAKISTAN 18 3.3 Expectancy Theory 18 3.3.1 Theory Overview: 18 3.3.2 Expectancy Flowchart: 19 3.3.3 Expectancy Theory AT SHELL PAKISTAN 20 4 OTHER MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS AT SHELL PAKISTAN 21 4.1 Employee Appraisal 21 4.2 Intrinsic Awards at SHELL PAKISTAN 23 4.3 Employee Involvement 24 4.3.1 Employee Involvement AT SHELL PAKISTAN 24 4.4 Flexible Benefits 25 4.4.1 Retirement Plans 25 4.4.2 Health Insurance 26 4.4.3 Unexpected Conditions 26 4.4.4 Rightsizing 27 4.5 De-motivated Employees 27 4.5.1 Counseling 27 4.5.2 Career Development 27 5 SURVEY DETAILS 28 5.1 Job Satisfaction 28 5.2 Work Environment 30 5.3 Employee Empowerment 32 5.4 Performance Appraisal Satisfaction 33 5.5 Flexible Benefits 35 6 CONCLUSION 36 7 RECOMMENDATION 38 8 APPENDIX A: Survey Questionnaire 39 COMPANY INTRODUCTION Introduction The history of Shell as a brand name in South Asia is more than 100 years old. Shell brand name dating back to 1899 when Asiatic Petroleum, the marketing arm of two companies: Shell Transport Company and Royal Dutch Petroleum Company began their imports of kerosene oil from Azerbaijan in South Asia. Till today, the heritage of the past is noticeable in a market of South Asia since 1898 In 1928, to make their distribution capability efficient effective, the market concentration of  Royal Dutch Shell plc and the Burma Oil Company Limited in sub-continent had merged and Burma Shell Oil Storage Distribution Company of sub-continent was born. After the independence of Islamic Republic of Pakistan in 1947, the name changed to the Burma Shell Oil Distribution Company of Pakistan. During 1970, when 51% of the shareholding was transferred to Pakistani investors, the name changed to Pakistan Burma Shell (PBS) Limited. The Shell and the Burma Groups retained the remaining 49% in equal propositions. In February 1993, as economic liberalization began to take root and the Burma provided opportunity to Pakistani Investors by divesting from PBS, Shell Petroleum (Pakistan) stepped into raise its shareholding to 51%. The years 2001-2 have seen the Shell Petroleum Company successively increasing its stake, with the Group now having a 76% stake in Shell Pakistan Ltd (SPL) an expr ession of confidence Shell has an over 100 years presence in the Subcontinent http://www.shell.com.pk/home/content/pak/aboutshell/who_we_are/history/history_logo/ (Date:26-11-2010, Time:18:00) Vision Evaluation The Vision of Shell as a company related to energy industry have been very strict focused to competition. The futuristic approach has let to the group in investing innovating different sources of energy apart from oil petroleum. Values We set high standards of performance and ethical behaviour that we apply internationally. The Shell General Business Principles, Code of Conduct and Code of Ethics help everyone at Shell act according to our core values of honesty, integrity and respect for people and to comply with relevant legislation and regulations. http://www.shell.com.pk/home/content/pak/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_values_and_principles/ (Date: 26-11-2010, Time: 21:00) Responsibilities: Shell Pakistan put its total efforts to implement its core values and ethical conduct by fulfilling its responsibilities expectations to its employees, customers, investors, shareholders to society. Employees: Shell Pakistan always puts the safety security of its employees first. This depicts that the organization has a deep concern for its employees value the work efforts by which it wants to achieve success. Customers: The organization has a high motive to attract retain customers by providing them the products that are competitive in price of high standards in quality. The competition in energy sector has been highly focused by Shell investments in innovative products have always been there. Investors: It is important for Shell Pakistan that its investors base remains supportive to the organization so that when it needs to expand or restructure any of its function or component, the business always have financial support to effectively pursue that. Shareholders: Shareholders are the real owners of the organization. Shell Pakistan makes most of its efforts to protect shareholders investments provide them with competitive benefits of long term (capital growth) short term returns (dividends). To Society: There are many aspects of responsibility to society. Some of them are Corporate, Environmental sustainability concern for general people that the business directly or indirectly effects to. Shell Pakistan has clear policies for it sustainability has participated in flood relief in Pakistan by providing aids to the most effected. http://www.shell.com.pk/home/content/pak/aboutshell/media_centre/news_and_media_releases/2010/flood_2010.html (Date: 26-11-2010, Time: 13:49) Future Engagements To engage in backward integration by acquiring a major National Refinery. This has a capacity of 2.8 million tons of which sales to SHELL PAKISTAN are 25%. To develop a white oil pipeline in collaboration with major POL companies so as to eliminate transportation inefficiencies. Invest in the business of coal mining to capture a lucrative fuel source to which most consumers are switching. MOTIVATION IN ORGANIZATION Definition No other topic in the field of Organizational Behavior (OB) has received as much attention as the subject of motivation. . (FTC, 2009) Motivation can be defined in a variety of ways, depending on whom you ask. If you ask someone on the street, you may get a response like, Its what drives us or Motivation is what makes us do the things we do. As far as a formal definition, motivation can be defined as forces within an individual that account for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work, according. (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009) This is an excellent working definition for use in business. Now that we understand what motivation is, we can look at the factors that help managers to be able to motivate and then a look at some of the theories on motivation. (Latham, 2007) Motivation Process Unsatisfied need => Tension => Drives => Search Behavior => Satisfied needs => Reduction of tension => New unsatisfied needs (Adair, 2009) Employee Motivation at Workplace Motivation is what gets you started. Habit is what keeps you going. Jim Ryun The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through employees. To do this the manager should be able to motivate employees. But thats easier said than done! Motivation practice theories are difficult subjects, touching on several disciplines. . (FTC, 2009) In spite of enormous research, basic as well as applied, the subject of motivation is not clearly understood and more often than not poorly practiced. To understand motivation one must understand human nature itself. And there lies the problem! Human nature can be very simple, yet very complex too. An understanding and appreciation of this is prerequisite to effective employee motivation in the workplace and therefore effective management and leadership (Latham, 2007) . There is an old saying You can take a horse to the water but you cannot force it to drink; he will drink if he is thirsty That is also the case with people; they will do what they want to do or otherwise motivated to do, whether it is to excel on the workshop floor or in the ivory tower. The people or employees must be motivated or driven to it, either by themselves or through external stimulus. (Adair 2009 Leadership and Motivation) Are they born with the self-motivation or drive? Yes and no. if no, they can be motivated, for motivation is a skill, which can and must be learnt. This is essential for any business to survive and succeed. Performance is considered to be a function of ability and motivation, thus Job Performance = f (ability) (motivation) Ability in turn depends on education, experience and training and its improvements is a slow and long process. On the other hand motivation can be improved quickly. There are many options and an uninitiated manager may not even know where to start. As a guideline, there are broadly seven strategies for motivation. Positive reinforcement / high expectations Effective discipline and punishment Treating people fairly Satisfying employees needs Setting work related goals Restructuring jobs Base rewards on job performance These are the basic strategies, though the mix in the final recipe will vary from workplace situation to situation. Essentially, there is a gap between an individuals actual state and some desired state and the manager tries to reduce this gap (Latham, 2007) Motivation is, in effect, a means to reduce and manipulate this gap. It is inducing others in a specific way towards goals specifically stated by the motivator. Naturally, these goals as also the motivation system must conform to the corporate policy of the organization. The motivational system must be tailored to the situation and to the organization. (Adair, 2009) SHELL PAKISTAN is a huge setup and has about 2000 employees. To keep all of its employees motivated is a very complex task, because of the large number of employees and as each employee has his/her own personality. It becomes virtually impossible to devise techniques that match the personality of all the employees. So for this purpose they have certain procedures and policies jointly for all the employees of the organization. MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES ADOPTED AT SHELL PAKISTAN Alderfers ERG Theory Alderfers theory is called the ERG theory Existence, Relatedness, and Growth. Alderfers ERG Theory can well be compared with Maslows Hierarchy of Need Theory cause Alderfers has tried to cover all the points as discussed by Maslows with a little change, which is discussed below. . (FTC, 2009) Existence: Existence refers to our concern with basic material existence requirements; what Maslows called physiological and safety needs. Relatedness: Refers to the desire we have for maintaining interpersonal relationships; similar to Maslows social/love need, and the external component of his esteem need. Growth: Refers to an intrinsic desire for personal development; the intrinsic component of Maslows esteem need, and self-actualization. (Latham, 2007) Difference between Maslows Hierarchy of Need Alderfers Alderfers ERG theory differs from Maslows Need Hierarchy insofar as ERG theory demonstrates that more than one need may be operative at the same time. ERG theory does not assume a rigid hierarchy where a lower need must be substantially satisfied before one can move on. (FTC, 2009) ERG Theory argues, like Maslows that satisfied lower-order needs lead to desire to satisfy higher-order needs; but multiple needs can be operating as motivators at the same time, and frustration in attempting to satisfy a higher-level need can result in regression to a lower-level need. (Adair, 2009) Alderfers ERG Theory AT SHELL PAKISTAN Existence SHELL PAKISTAN gratifies the need for existence and the employees at SHELL PAKISTAN think that their basic needs are being satisfied but they dont seem to be completely satisfied with it especially with the material rewards that they get. For e.g. Average Salary The employees at SHELL PAKISTAN are not satisfied with their salaries and they consider it to be average. This view is strongly found in the lower grade employees and the contractual employees. Though the upper level employees that include the Departmental Heads, General Managers and above seem to be much satisfied with what they are paid. Excellent Working Environment Though the average salary seems to be de-motivating factor for the low level employees and the contractual employees but due to the excellent working environment that SHELL PAKISTAN provides, these employees seem to be seldom de-motivated. It was surprising for us to find that there had been various employees who just wanted to work in SHELL PAKISTAN because of the working environment they provide regardless of what they are paid and what job responsibilities are they given. This turned out to be one of SHELL PAKISTANS strongest points. Job Security Working at SHELL PAKISTAN seems to be a secure job as far as the permanent and high-level employees are concerned but the contractual employees never find it to be as secure. But due to job security being a major issue in Pakistan today, these contractual employees were hesitant to voice their complaint. (Latham, 2007) Insurance Medical Benefits All permanent employees at SHELL PAKISTAN enjoy the Life Insurance and Medical Benefits that are entitled to them. In contrast the contractual employees; realizing the downward trend in the economy, just want a stable job regardless of the insurance and medical benefits provided by SHELL PAKISTAN. (Latham, 2007) Employee Safety The employee safely is given top most importance and they also have an emergency evacuation system with which the entire organization can be evacuated within minutes. The employees also given various training and sometimes perform various drills for employee safety. The employee seems to be satisfied with the safety that SHELL PAKISTAN provides to them. Relatedness These needs are social in nature and they are about the interpersonal relationships of the staff. Good Working Relationship At SHELL PAKISTAN, these needs are quite well satisfied since the employees have a good working relationship even though there is an air of competency surrounding them. Self Differences between High Level Employee It has also been noticed that few of the high level employees at organization have some self differences that are developed due to status problems and ownership problems which effect the process of maintaining a good interpersonal relationship but then again the high level employees are professionals and they tend to forget these difference when they meet each other a global level. (Latham, 2007) Company Events and Privileges All employees are given the special privilege to join and use the SHELL PAKISTAN club, gym, attend in Company events, dinner etc thus allowing them to intermingle with each more. Growth The permanent and high-level employees are satisfied with the growth opportunities that SHELL PAKISTAN provides them every now and then. Training Employee training workshops are conducted on a need basis. Trainings are carried out in areas such as: Improvement of Business Communication skills Usage of new Computer software Encourages Ideas Employees are encouraged to put forward any creative, beneficial ideas. If the idea seems to be attractive, SHELL PAKISTAN gives the employees the opportunity to implement the idea. This turns out to be a very encouraging and motivating approach for the employees and later on the employees are rewarded if the idea is implemented well. (Latham, 2007) Employee Job Rotation For the purpose of employee growth and increase in motivation, employees are often rotated within or between departments. Equity Theory Theory Overview Equity (or inequity) is a psychological state residing within an individual. It creates a feeling of dissonance that the individual attempts to resolve in some manner (Latham, 2007) Equity is a social comparison process, resulting when individuals compare their pay to the pay of others. There is no rational or single equitable pay rate for any given job or individual. Equity is a subjective evaluation, not an objective one. Based on the comparisons that an individual uses, each individual is likely to develop different perceptions of equity. (Latham, 2007) The comparisons that individuals use tend to fall into four classes of comparison: Self Inside: An employees experiences in a different position inside his current organization. (Adair, 2009) Self outside: An employees experiences in a different position outside his current organization. Other Inside: Another Individual or group of individuals inside the employees organization. Other Outside: Another Individual or group of individuals outside the employees organization. (Latham, 2007) Individuals determine equity by comparing their contributions (job inputs) and their rewards (job outcomes) to those of their comparisons. This comparison takes the form of a ratio and if this ratio is in balance, the individual perceives equity. Inequity is experienced when ratio is out of balance. Thus when an individual perceives that his/her contribution is equal to the comparison and his/her reward is lower or his/ her contribution is greater and reward is equal, inequity is felt. (Latham, 2007) The individual responses to inequity include: Leaving the organization Reduction in performance, generally extra role behavior Attempting to increase ones pay Attempting to reduce the performance of others Rationalization- perceptually altering reward and/or contribution What do individuals view as relevant contributions? Given the perceptual nature of equity, the answer varies with each individual; however, contributions fall into a number of categories: Job contributions Include the factors that differentiate one job from another. They typically include responsibility, skills, education, and working conditions required by the job itself. (e.g., individuals working in jobs requiring greater levels of responsibility generally expect higher levels of pay). (Parson and Maclaran, 2009) Personal contributions Include attributes the individuals bring to the organization that they believe differentiate them from others such as experience, longevity and extra education (e.g., individuals with greater seniority often expect higher levels of pay). Performance contributions Include the extra effort/results that differentiate one employee from another (e.g., individuals who perceive that their performance is better than others with whom they work, often believe they are entitled to higher levels of pay. (Latham, 2007) Typical Management interests Managers generally define pay-related problems in terms of their behavioral consequences (turnover or performance). Therefore, inequity itself is not generally viewed as a management problem unless it appears to be related to turnover of reduced performance. Since the links between turnover and pay are often much clearer than those between pay and extra role behavior, turnover often becomes the only managerial focus. Therefore, typical management interests relate to keeping the employees who it deems valuable.(Latham, 2007) Typical Employee Interests From the employee perspective, the perception of inequity is a problem in itself. A unions interests lies in achieving equity for the greatest number of its members, regardless of their ability to leave the organization. In fact, it is a unions responsibility to bargain for the interests of those with limited individual power or marketability. Low morale is often a consequence of inequity. Even when low morale is not manifested in turnover, reduced performance, to reluctance to take on extra duties, from the employee perspective, it is still viewed as a problem. (Adair, 2009) Equity Theory AT SHELL PAKISTAN Employee Performance Appraisal Employee performance appraisal procedure is highly accountable thus leaving no chance of inequity among employees. Employee Salary Evaluation An employees educational qualification is given highest importance when evaluating salary. It may be possible that a lower grade employee, within the same or different department, has a higher salary than someone in an immediately higher grade. Thus inequity sometimes arises among employees working in a higher group within the same or different departments. (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009) Expectancy Theory Theory Overview: The expectancy theory argues that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. In more practical terms this theory says That an employee will be motivated to exert a high level of effort when he or she believes that the effort will lead to a good performance appraisal; that a good performance appraisal will lead to organizational rewards like a bonus, a salary increase, or a promotion; and that the rewards will satisfy the employees personal goals (Latham, 2007) Expectancy The expectancy is the belief that ones effort will result in attainment of desired performance goals. This belief, or perception, is generally based on an individuals past experience, self-confidence (often termed self-efficiency) and the perceived difficulty of the performance standard or goals. (Adair, 2009) Instrumentality The extent of individuals belief of performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desired outcome. Valance The extent of attractiveness of rewards offered by an organization that must satisfy an individuals requirements retain them by prospect potential development within career organization. Example Include: Do I want a bigger raise? Is it worth the extra effort? Do I want a promotion? Expectancy Flowchart: (Vroom  V H.  (1964) Work And Motivation) Valence Instrumentality Expectancy OUTCOME PERFORMANCE EFFORT REWARD Expectancy Theory states that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of expectation that an act will be followed by a given outcomes and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009) Expectancy Theory AT SHELL PAKISTAN At SHELL PAKISTAN the employees believe in maximum effort which leads to good performance which further results in the outcome in the form of rewards like a raise in income, promotion, performance appraisal letter etc that contribute towards their personal goals. Contractual Employee Views The contractual employees are also aware of this theory but they dont follow it because it has been found that their basic aim is to become a permanent employee. But becoming permanent employee doesnt entirely depend on the performance. It also depends if there is any permanent slot available. So the contractual employees are aware of the facts that even if they perform well, they cannot become permanent unless there is a slot available. So this serves as a very de-motivating factor for the contractual employees and this is the reason they dont hesitate to switch the job whenever they get even a slight better opportunity or a permanent place in some other organization. (Adair, 2009) Effort At SHELL PAKISTAN, the employees are aware of the fact that if they work competently and put their efforts, they will be able to attain the task performance, as the effort expanded by them will have a positive result. Performance When the employees of SHELL PAKISTAN put their efforts, they attain the desired performance level and consequently are evaluated on that ground. (Latham, 2007) Instrumentality: Instrumentality is also quite high in the company as the management assigns a certain % of work that the employees have to achieve, through which, they are evaluated at the time of dispensing rewards. The % of work is in terms of yearly goals, monthly goals and weekly goals. Rewards When the employees attain certain level of work performance gauged against the goals set at the start of the year, they are positively evaluated and get rewards in shape of annual increment; and organizational performance rewards etc. Valance: The employees attach a great deal of value to the rewards they get. The rewards are often in the form of a praise or recognition, to which the employees attach a great deal of significance. Monetary rewards are costly and require loads of time and energy. Therefore the management is not too keen on imparting such gifts. (Latham, 2007) OTHER MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS AT SHELL PAKISTAN Employee Appraisal At SHELL PAKISTAN, employee appraisals are conducted annually to evaluate their work related and personal performance. The process of appraisal works in various steps and the HRM department is proud to have such a system instilled in the company where no one objects to the appraisal process as its considered to be the fairest attempt of grading an employee in the company. The appraisal process is held in between the months of July and June every year. Increments and promotions are devised after this period that becomes effective from the month of October, the same year. Performance Appraisal at SHELL PAKISTAN is a six step approach. Step 1: SHELL PAKISTAN HR department have designed two forms named as Form 1A and form 1B to measure the milestone, target achievements that were made last year. This is done by comparing the goals set last year for each individual employee under their department. Once measured, it is sought out to what extent the company was successful in achieving its target. Also, targets are set for the next year on the basis of this measurement. Step 2: In the next step, HRM department does performance analysis by distributing to departmental heads and supervisors Form 2A and 2B (Collectively known as Employee Development Report) to measure the employees capabilities on 24 different attributes and of the attribute is rated on the scale of 1 to 5; summary of these points is reflected in the table below Rating Point Summary 1 Inadequate, Not satisfactory 2 Marginal, Below Average 3 Average 4 Above Average 5 Outstanding The 24 different attributes are divided in to key 4 sections; a summary of those is listed below: Employee Development Report (EDR) A What did the employee accomplish? Quality of work Cost objective Profit objective Develop people Commitment to company vision, value and corporate objective B Gets the job done Planning Organizational communication Analysis